Process flow for data and modeling.
Abstract— Motivated by recent favorable trends in the adoption of electric vehicles, and improvements in the technological and economic aspects of storage, in this paper we explore the use of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and Solar PV systems to meet the future electricity demand for Electric Vehicles Supply Equipment. We examine two approaches to integrating these systems into the future energy supply of EV charging infrastructure in the San Francisco Bay Area. Specifically, we comparatively analyze the use of Large (>1MWh), Grid-Scale storage-based systems, with smaller (less than 1MWh), distributed storage-based systems, focusing on one county in the Bay Area: Santa Clara County. Using a combination of tools and data sources, we first quantify the types and amount of charging stations needed to support various EV adoption scenarios, and subsequently analyze the energy-related costs and benefits (value) of the two types of architecture using a newly-released, open-source storage valuation tool from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) called StorageVET. Among other insights, we find that under available charging profile projections, Grid-Scale PV and Storage Systems can provide significant net positive benefits when used to support future DC-Fast and Work L2 EV charging, while a distributed charging station architecture favors Public L2 EV charging. We also demonstrate, using StorageVET, that both types of systems can provide several potential value streams such as Arbitrage Opportunities, meeting Resource Adequacy requirements, and Ancillary Services such as Frequency Regulation.
Full paper here.